The role of Dr. Mohammad Iqbal’s as a legislator in The Punjab Council

Abstract

Allama Muhammad Iqbal’s tenure in the Punjab Legislative Council from 1926 to 1930 marked his steadfast advocacy for Muslim rights and critical stance on British colonial policies and socio-economic imbalances affecting Muslims in British India. Elected with overwhelming support, Iqbal initially aligned with the Unionist Party but soon distanced himself, objecting to its elitist, communal nature that prioritized the interests of the landed elite. In the council, he emerged as an independent, principled voice, calling for reforms in education, fair land revenue practices, and economic development, primarily to uplift Punjab’s Muslims. He challenged disparities in educational grants, pushed for progressive land tax reforms, and supported industrial growth to address unemployment. Iqbal’s legislative work consistently addressed inequities, particularly in education and employment, opposing policies that disadvantaged Muslims, such as unrestricted open competition for government positions. He instead advocated for a balanced approach to foster inclusivity. In the context of communal tensions, Iqbal strongly opposed separate electorates to protect Muslim interests, opposing joint electorates. His concerns also extended to protecting Muslim religious practices against Western and Hindu influences, as seen in his support for indigenous medicine and criticism of the Shuddhi movement, which sought to convert Muslims. During Hindu-Muslim riots, Iqbal stressed internal unity and advocated for religious legislation following the publication of the inflammatory Rangila Rasool. As communal divisions deepened, he urged economic self-reliance among Muslims and backed cooperation with the Simon Commission, leading to ideological divisions within the Muslim League. By his 1930 Allahabad Address, Iqbal fully articulated his vision for an autonomous Muslim-majority state, reinforcing his enduring influence on Muslim political thought and laying the groundwork for what would eventually lead to the formation of Pakistan.