Speech Difficulties in Children and the Role of Talking Therapy: A Psychological and Social Perspective

Abstract

Speech development is a foundational aspect of childhood growth, directly influencing emotional well-being, cognitive function, and social integration. This article explores the causes and consequences of limited speech and selective mutism in children, with particular attention to psychological, neurological, environmental, and emotional factors. Drawing upon interdisciplinary perspectives from child psychology, educational theory, and Islamic ethics, the paper emphasizes the critical role of talking therapy in addressing these challenges. Modern therapeutic methods such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), speech and language therapy, and expressive play therapy are examined for their effectiveness in restoring verbal expression, confidence, and emotional regulation. Simultaneously, the article highlights prophetic models of child-centered communication, illustrating how the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ prioritizes listening, compassion, and gentle correction. Practical strategies for parents, educators, and religious institutions are presented to foster a language-rich and emotionally safe environment at home, school, and within spiritual spaces such as mosques and madāris. The paper argues that an integrated psycho-spiritual approach merging evidence-based therapy with Islamic values offers a holistic path for helping children overcome speech difficulties. It concludes with recommendations for collaborative care and early intervention as essential to empowering every child to find and use their voice.