Iqbal’s Political Ideology and Electoral Involvement: The Quest for Muslim Unity and Rights

Abstract

Allama Muhammad Iqbal’s early political career reveals his deep engagement with the socio-political challenges faced by Indian Muslims during British colonial rule. Iqbal’s political journey began during his stay in England, where his involvement with the British Committee of the All-India Muslim League and the Pan-Islamic Society marked his entry into practical politics. Upon his return to India in 1908, Iqbal joined the Punjab Provincial Muslim League, actively participating in political debates and initiatives. His early political contributions, including his role in the Punjab Muslim League’s address to Lord Minto in 1909 and his criticisms of colonial decisions like the annulment of the Bengal partition, reflect his evolving political philosophy, emphasizing Muslim unity and identity. In 1926, Iqbal’s participation in the Punjab Legislative Council elections marked a turning point in his political career. Contesting as a unifying candidate for Lahore’s Muslims, he faced opposition driven by sectarianism and ethnic biases. However, Iqbal’s campaign, supported by diverse communities and intellectuals, emphasized Islamic unity, political awareness, and collective progress. His victory, achieved by a significant margin, underscored his ability to transcend societal divisions and inspire mass support. As a legislator, Iqbal advocated for land reforms, fair taxation, and religious harmony while rejecting caste and sectarian politics. His electoral journey not only mobilized Muslim political thought but also laid the foundation for the demand for separate Muslim representation, a precursor to the eventual creation of Pakistan. This study explores Iqbal’s political evolution, his role in shaping Muslim identity, and the broader implications of his electoral politics for the subcontinent’s history. By bridging poetry, philosophy, and political activism, Iqbal’s legacy exemplifies the transformative power of intellectual leadership in navigating political challenges.