US-China Rivalry in the Indo-Pacific: Geopolitical and Economic Implications for Pakistan

Abstract

This study examines the escalating strategic rivalry between the US and China in the Indo-Pacific area, assessing its geopolitical and economic ramifications for Pakistan. The truth is that the geopolitical future of the 21st century rests with China, and Pakistan must acknowledge this reality. Historically, Pakistan's relationship with Beijing has been primarily centered on its significant economic dependence on China, exemplified by the Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Nonetheless, the nation's uncritical adherence to Beijing's agenda resulted in excessive dependence on China, a concern for others. From a geopolitical standpoint, Pakistan ought to maintain a balanced relationship with both powers, neither relinquishing its ties with the United States nor neglecting opportunities with China. It utilizes Realism and Complex Interdependence as theoretical frameworks to analyze the power dynamics and economic connections influencing regional policy. The paper evaluates how Pakistan manages great-power competition by balancing security issues and diplomatic relations through a comprehensive analysis of literature and empirical data. The study offers policy recommendations for Pakistan to enhance its strategic stance while alleviating concerns linked to heightened US-China rivalry.